TSJ} 
>^6' Manual 



OF 



The Lettering Scale 

By L. Rust 



George Wahr, Publisher and Manufacturer 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 

Copyright 1915 



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A 



Manual 



OF 



The Lettering Scale 

By L. Rust 



George VVahr, Publisher ami Manufacturer 

Anu Arbor, Michigan 

Copyright 1915 



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SEP -2 1915 
©GI.A410297 



Proportions and Spacing. 




Hold the scale with the left hand. 
Slide the ruler forward with the left 
thumb. Oppose the pencil to the 
ruling edge. Draw the vertical con- 
struction lines across the gage lines 
Follow the scale closely. Use a 
straight-edge, if necessary, to keep 
the scale in line. 



A weight laid on the straight edge prevents slipping. 



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The arcs drawn on the ruler, marked ''Gothic" and ''Roman" and having the 
numbers printed opposite the cross Hnes are for setting the triangle so' that normal 
letters of a given height may be made. The figure represents the height of the 
letter in tenths of inches. Set the triangle so that the edge of the base coincide^ 
with the line marking the height of the required letters ; tighten the thumb screw 
and the ruler is readv for use. 



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To space the gage lines. Make the limb 
intersect the vertical under Ht. at the ends of 
the divisions in succession, and draw, along the 
ruling edge, the bottom line, top of lower-case 
and top of capitals in the same order. 



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To lay out normal letters. Hold the scale 
above the gage lines and parallel thereto, and 
draw construction lines corresponding to the di- 
visions under the initial letter, in the manner described in the preceding paragraph. 




To space letters. Bring the limb to 

the foot of the vertical, hold the ruler 

and, 

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the scale, bring the upper intersection of the 
vertical of the next required letter to the limb. 





^^s-r '^^ space interlocking letters. Intersect 

— \ ° I [ J- — the vertical at the upper junction of the lower 

spacing line, and shift the scale as directed. Examples: TA, LY, Vo. 

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To space words. Use capital I, ignoring the divisions. 

To adjust for large or small letters. Turn the limb respectively from or 
toward the perpendicular. 

To adjust for extended or condensed letters. After spacing the gage lines, 
turn the limb respectively from or toward the perpendicular. 

To adjust for mclincd letters. Attach the limb to the reverse of the ruler. 



Details of Construction. 

The accompanying alphabets show the method of constructing letters. The 
proportions given suit an ample variety of styles. The dotted lines are to invite 
attention to features often overlooked or exaggerated. 

In the Roman, the width of the heavy diagonals, though exact only for nor- 
mal vertical letters, is given for its expediency. 

The weight of the Gothic is not fixed, but extremes are to be avoided. In the 
larger sizes the lines of the lower-case are four-fifths of the width of those of the 
capitals. In one-stroke letters this width is uniform. The circular forms con- 

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densed or extended properly become elliptical. Little modification of these forms 
is admissible. 

For maps and plans, Roman and Gothic letters only are appropriate. They 
must be of modest size and proportions, and without shading or excriescent orna- 
ment. The free-hand lower-case Gothic is the most practical letter for the body 
of the description. The proportions and spacing of this style should be carefully 
studied. 



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